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Borderlands 4 Guide

La Encyclopedia Del Rafa | Rafa Damage Formula and Skill Breakdown

Vault Hunters
Beginner
Mechanics
Updated on Sep 13, 2026
Sep 13, 2026

Overview

Hello everyone I am JoeForLong, for a while I have had an in-depth list going over Rafa's Action Skills and augments and skill available via a Discord Thread. However, I realized it would serve the better Borderlands and Mobalytics public better if they also had this information.

Big Thanks to everyone who helped with this guide, including: MagicLango, ReZur, CZ47, Leoskykuni, Nepta, and many others.

Damage Formula

  • ON SHOT/CARD MODIFIERS
  • ON HIT MODIFIERS

[ Gun Card Damage x (1 + Shield Amp + Repkit Amp + First Impression) x (1 + Enhancement Gun Damage + Enhancement Gun Type Damage +
El Soldado* (While Charging)]

x

[ (1 + Gun Damage + Handshake Deal(Gun Damage) + Diamond Hands + To The Last(Gun Damage) + Sinergia(Gun Damage) + Sitiar + Temerario* + El Soldado* (Default) + Instigator Class MOD + Overdriver Class MOD(Gun Damage) + Damage Dealt + Overdrive Trait* + El Valiente + Splash Damage + El Paraguas + Barrage* + Elemental Damage + El Borracho + Ordnance Damage + The Right Tools + Overdriver Class MOD(Ordnance Damage) + Skill Damage + Maestro + Debuffs + Arc Knives Marks +
APOPHIS: Lance Marks + {1 + Gear Crit + (2 x (El Catrin + Skill Crit)}]

x

Elemental Matchup

x

Enemy Resistances

  • * Skill Gets Overdrive Bonuses

Overdrive Bonuses

[ Base Skill Value x (1 + Jaque Stacks + Soltado) x (1 + Dancer COM)]

To share some break points for easy math:

  • Your Overdrive skills gain 2.25x effectiveness with maxed out Jaque stacks and Dancer COM
  • Your Overdrive skills gain 3.75x effectiveness with maxed out Jaque stacks, Dancer COM, and 1/1 Soltado active
    • With 2/1 Soltado active, your Overdrive skills will then gain 4.5x effectiveness

Overdrive Duration

[ Base Duration x (1 + Everdrive) x (1 + [Motivar x (1 + Jaque Stacks + Soltado)])

Action Skills

APOPHIS: Lance

[ Base Damage x (1 + [1.5 x Extra Charges]) x (1 + Ordnance Damage + The Right Tools + Overdriver COM (Ordnance) + Full Spectrum Arsenal + (Daredevil x (Action Skill Damage + Asymmetric Warfare + To The Last("Skill Damage") + Cruel Accrual) + Skill Damage + Maestro + I am a Gun + Battery Subscription Service + Damage Dealt + Overdrive Trait + El Valiente +
Splash Damage + Barrage + El Paraguas + Elemental Damage + Debuffs +
APOPHIS: Lance Marks + {1 + (2 x Fragmentation Payload) + A Honed Mind + ((1 + Fragmentation Payload) x (2 x (El Catrin + Skill Crit)))}]
x
Elemental Match Up
x
Enemy Resistance

  • Extra Charges are any charge above the first, so 2.5x at 2 consumed charges, 4x at 3 consumed charges, and 5.5x with 4 charges via Battery Subscription Service

APOPHIS Lance

  • Can be held down for the entire duration of the action skill
  • Clicking only provides a very brief duration of mult from El Soldado
  • Charging consumes an extra charge at a rate of about one every 0.6 seconds
    • Using Battery Subscription Service has no affect on this charge time besides letting you charge up a fourth shot.
  • Charge can be cancelled via Mantling, Slamming, or Grappling.

Sangre por Sangre

  • The CDR with multiple shots stacks and decays at one stack at a time instead of individual timers for each stack.

Battery Subscription Service

  • Provides +100% Skill Damage for the duration, not the listed 50%.
  • Also isn't actually Skill Damage, but instead +100% additive damage bonus to anything that's Skill damage tagged.
  • Does not work if Charges don’t get consumed via his Buster COM, via the Fiesta Skill, or with either PROJECT: Gorgon or PROJECT: Raiju capstones.

Ojo Rojo

  • The Crit Chance only applies to the Lance and none of Rafa’s shots. Only gets Skill Crit.

Gibistruct Module

  • Requires instance of Action Skill Damage to kill for the grenade to spawn. Has a cooldown of one grenade per Lance blast.
  • Spawns a Default Grenade if you do not have a grenade equipped or if you have a Heavy Ordnance equipped.
  • Default Grenade scales with Action Skill, Skill, Ordnance, and Splash.
  • If you have the Grenazerker COM equipped, it will spawn two grenades on death instead of one.

PROJECT: Basilisk

  • Can be held down for the entire duration of the action skill
  • Clicking provides about 1 full second of mult from El Soldado
  • Charging consumes an extra charge at a rate of aboutone every 0.8 seconds
  • Charge can be cancelled via Mantling, Slamming, or Grappling.

PROJECT: Raiju

  • Can be held down for about 7 seconds straight without any assistance of other skills
  • Clicking provides about 1 full second of mult from El Soldado
    • This also procs 8 stacks of Jaque by itself
  • Charging consumes an extra charge at a rate of about one every 2 seconds
    • You are given a brief 1 second period after you run out of your last charge, it seems
  • You are able to Melee while Lance is active with this Capstone

PROJECT: Gorgon

  • The extra damage while holding down the Laser is additive with other on-hit bonuses rather than being its own mult like the other Capstones/Augments
  • Can be held down for about 4 seconds straight without any assistance of other skills
  • Clicking provides about 1 full second of mult from El Soldado
    • This also procs 5 stacks of Jaque by itself
  • Charging consumes an extra charge at a rate of about one every second
    • You are also given a brief 1 second period after you run out of your last charge
  • You are able to Melee while Lance is active with this Capstone

Peacebreaker Cannons

[ Base Damage x (1 + Gun Damage + Handshake Deal(Gun Damage) + Diamond Hands + To The Last(Gun Damage) + Sinergia(Gun Damage) + Sitiar + Temerario* + El Soldado* (Default) + Instigator Class MOD + Overdriver Class MOD(Gun Damage)+ [Daredevil x (Action Skill Damage + Asymmetric Warfare + To The Last("Skill Damage") + Cruel Accrual + Beam Team] + Skill + Damage Dealt + Skill Damage + Maestro + I am a Gun + Damage Dealt + Overdrive Trait + El Valiente) + {1 + A Honed Mind + (2 x (El Catrin + Skill Crit))}]
x
Elemental Matchup
x
Enemy Resistance

  • Insta-Fort Battle System adds Ordnance Damage to the additive on-hot modifiers
  • Volatile Hollowpoints and Bullet-Buddy Deluxe (while your mag is full) adds Splash Damage to the additive on-hit modifiers
  • Beam Team allows the Cannons to target individually and adds Elemental Damage to the on-hit modifiers, as well as letting them become subject to Elemental Matchup.

Bullet-Buddy Deluxe

  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Bonus Fire Damage scales linearly with the percentage of your mag size.
  • While the effect does not work with Underbarrels, the failed attempt to proc BBD is enough to proc Metal Management which does work with Underbarrels.
    • With one-mag underbarrels like Kill Drone or Spread launcher, you will need to constantly re-proc BBD or else the gun will try to swap back to the primary firing mode.

Insta-Fort Battle System

  • The turret throwing out a grenade has a 10 second cooldown per activation. This can be mitigated by recalling the turret and activating it again.
  • Spawns a Default Grenade if you do not have a grenade equipped or if you have a Heavy Ordnance equipped.
  • Default Grenade scales with Action Skill, Skill, Ordnance, and Splash.
  • If you have the Grenazerker COM equipped, the turret will throw out two grenades instead of one.

Beam Team

  • Damage bonus is Additive with other sources of on-hit damage, but will benefit from the Daredevil specialization multiplier.
  • Does not reset between enemies when using the Instigator COM unless you manually ping an enemy

Arc-Knives

[Base Damage x (Attack Animation*) x (1 + (Runner x (Melee Damage + Handshake Deal(Melee Damage) + Sinergia(Melee Damage) + Bear Arms) + [Daredevil x (Action Skill Damage + Asymmetric Warfare + To The Last("Skill Damage") + Cruel Accrual] + Skill + Damage Dealt + Skill Damage + Maestro + I am a Gun + Damage Dealt + Overdrive Trait + El Valiente + Splash + Barrage + El Paraguas + Thundercutter + Elemental Damage) + {1 + A Honed Mind + (2 x (El Catrin + Skill Crit)}
x
Elemental Matchup
x
Enemy Resistance

* Certain Arc-Knives Animations deal slightly more base damage, roughly 16.7% These two animations are a right-handed spinny diagonal down-left swipe and a quick left-handed horizontal slice inward.
You have no control over which of these animations you get, but you cannot get the same one twice in a row in quick succession.

Altered Cabron

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element.
  • Benefits from Action Skill and Skill Damage
  • Bonus element applies to all Rafa damage.
  • If you have at least one point in El Corazon to reserve your health, any form of Lifesteal will stack Altered Cabron, such as Rubberband man Firmware or Saldar
  • Because it's Action Skill Damage, it can be used to feed into Groundbreaker Specialization for recursively infinite damage.

Parting Gift

  • Spawns a Default Grenade if you do not have a grenade equipped or if you have a Heavy Ordnance equipped.
  • Default Grenade scales with Action Skill, Skill, Ordnance, and Splash.
  • If you have the Grenazerker COM equipped, you will throw out two grenades at once instead of one.

Inferno Protocol

  • Does not Source-Inherit
  • Bonus Element benefits from Skill Damage and Action Skill Damage.
  • Stacks up to 50% Bonus Fire Damage as you take damage.

Acid Drop

  • Makes you feel like Acrid!
  • Both the Leap Nova and the on-mark-removal Nova benefit from Melee and Skill Damage.
  • Leap Hazard gets Skill Damage

Galvanic Panic

  • Drones get Action Skill, Skill, Ordnance, and Splash damage bonuses
  • Base Damage increases by (1 + [0.08 x number of marked enemies]) ie. it is its own mult and not additive with other modifiers
  • Drones apply a stack of Mark to enemies

Indirect Projectiles

You would think these skills all in the same branch would have some consistency to them, but through testing and datamining we've found that the three main skills (Asymmetric Warfare, Errant Spark, and Lateral Plinking) have different enough tags that they don't always apply to the same skills/gear as expected.
This should be all inclusive, but I am prone to mistakes.

Tier 1: Gets All Associated Skills

  • APOPHIS Lance and augments
  • Peacebreaker Cannons and augments
  • Tediore and Tediore-Licensed reload impact
  • Grenade Ordnances
  • Proprietary Incendiary Skill
  • Pain Reaction Skill
  • Debtonation Skill
  • Power Puncher COM Fire Fissure
  • Gun Shots and Melee Damage boosted by the Masochist COM

Tier 2: Benefits from Asymmetric Warfare and Errant Spark only

  • Arc-Knives and augments/abilities
  • Galvanic Panic STRM Gliders

Tier 3: Only Benefits from Errant Spark

  • Any instance of Skill Damage
    • Includes the bullet of a Vitriol shot
  • Heavy Weapon Ordnances
  • Get Throwin's 3/3 Firmware Effect
  • Airstrike's 3/3 Firmware Effect
  • Missile Swarm Shield Effect (including Firewerks, Elpis Star, and Hydrowerks)
  • Drone Defense and Drone Assault Skill
  • Lateral Plinking Skill
  • Rolling Stone Skill

Tier 4: Not an Indirect Projectile

  • Jakobs or Jakobs-Licensed Ricochets
  • Extra projectiles spawned from a Gun's Legendary effect (for example, the Juliet's Sparkle)

Vitriol and First Impression

These skills are listed separately because they function similarly and make up a large part of Rafa's current meta gun builds.

First Impression

  • Is Amp instead of the listed Gun Damage

Vitriol

  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element but gets twice the value out of Skill Damage bonuses
  • Adds Skill Damage to the bullet when the skill procs which allows both the bullet and the bonus element to proc effects like Jaque
  • Both the Bullet and the Bonus Element benefit from both Gun Crit Chance and Skill Crit Chance
  • Procs Errant Spark which scales off of the bullet (not the Vitriol bonus element), but does otherwise not count as an indirect projectile


  • Both of these skills proc if your gun shot while it is at its full magazine size
    • Options for this include constant reloading, using ammo regen with a high mag size, or with "don't consume ammo" effects such as Bullet-Buddy Deluxe or Metal Management
  • Both of these skills work during an entire COV Mag gun, but you need to proc the effect by reloading with a normal gun and then swapping to your COV Mag gun.
  • You can also use the above method to get Vitriol/First Impression on an Underbarrel shot.

Bonus Elements

Source Inheriting vs Not-Source Inheriting?

A Source-Inheriting Bonus element scales off of the base damage of the instance that procs on, but also gains any damage sources that the base instance would have. These also will help stack certain skills reliant on a damage source, like Diamond Hands and Sinergia.

A Non-Source Inheriting Bonus element still scales off of the base damage of the instance that it procs on, but does not retain the same damage sources that the base instances have. These usually scale primarily with Skill Damage and other global on-hit bonuses like Damage Dealt and Elemental Damage.

Errant Spark

  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Doubles the bonus element value if the base instance of damage is Fire Elemental
    • In the instance of Pearl Override, a Fire-Elemental Override will benefit from the doubled-value of Errant Spark, but a Fire gun that has its element-overwritten will not gain double the value.
  • Seemingly counts enough as an Indirect Projectile to proc Lateral Plinking on its own.

El Diablito

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Benefits from Skill Damage and Ordnance Damage additively with all other global on-hit bonuses.

Concentrated Build Up

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Benefits from Skill Damage additively with all other global on-hit bonuses.
  • Only stacks from any instance of Gun Damage while aiming down sights, but the bonus element applies to any damage as long as you're aiming down sights, including Status Effects
  • Additional bonus damage adds a flat amount to the base bonus element. 5/5 CBU gives 60% bonus shock element (10% + 2.5% x 20)

Confeti

  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Only applies to sources of Ordnance Damage. Does not benefit from Skill Damage increases.

Midnight Oil

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Benefits from sources of Skill Damage additively with all other global on-hit bonuses.
  • Only applies to Action Skill Damage

Collaborate Ignition

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Benefits from Skill Damage additively with all other global on-hit bonuses
  • Gets Overdrive Bonuses
  • Remembers the element of your held weapon before activating Arc-Knives
  • Works with Heavy Ordnances and Vitriol Bullets (since they get skill tagged), but they wont show separate damage instances.

Shock Market

  • Not Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Benefits from Skill Damage additively with all other global on-hit bonuses.
  • Does not get Splash bonuses despite only applying to Splash damage.

El Catrin

  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • Only applies to source of Action Skill Damage

Per My Last

  • Was Optimized in the Version 1.9 Update to work more efficiently.
  • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element
  • 100% bonus element (No longer a double dip) on any base-instance of Action Skill Damage
  • Gets 2x the benefit from Skill Damage increases
  • Should no longer proc from other Action-Skill Damage Bonus Elements like Altered Cabron

Other Miscellaneous Skill Information

Drone Defense and Drone Assault

  • Drones get Skill, Ordnance, and Splash damage
  • Drone Assault uses the Current HP of the drone as the base damage
  • Drone HP does not scale with Rafa's HP
  • Drone HP does scale with UVH Levels, True Mode, and Mayhem mode.

Proprietary Incendiary

  • Gets Skill and Splash damage (no Ordnance)
  • Damage probably scales linearly with mag percentage
  • Does NOT deal melee damage despite being a melee override

Metal Management

  • Works with Underbarrels
  • Able to spam specific Gun Underbarrels via using the failed attempt to proc Bullet Buddy Deluxe
  • Triggers upon starting to charge Lance (when using Base Lance or Basilisk) or when firing a new instance of a Raiju taser/Gorgon laser.

El Corazon

  • Reserves Health like the BL3 Gunner’s Thin Red Line skill.
    • Health x (1 - El Corazon)
    • Base Shield Capacity + [Shield Capacity / (1 + El Corazón)]

CYA

  • Shield Restoration based on Max-Shield Capacity instead of the listed Max-Health Capacity

Liquidation

  • Procs upon killing an enemy with any form of Action Skill Damage, regardless if they were actually Marked.
  • Gets Skill Damage

Debtonation

  • Gets Skill, Ordnance, and Splash bonuses

In the Zone

  • Currently bugged to give full 3 seconds of freezing regardless of point investment

Hemolitions

  • Does not reset on grenade cooldown, instead resets upon Overdrive ending.

Protecto-Pulse

  • Uses the Drained shield as the base damage
  • Gets Skill Damage and Splash Damage

Dial In and Saldar

  • Both work with Slippy and Mantra

Sustainable Energy

  • Gains more HP regen the higher your Overdrive is
    • (ie. maxed out when action skill is active, gets less effective as your overdrive runs out after your action skill ends)

Diamond Hands

  • Stacks from any instance of melee damage including Mantra, Slippy, and source inheriting bonus elements
  • Drains at a rate of 4 stacks per second
  • Starts draining upon any instance of gun damage (or whenever it feels like it)

Motivar

  • Gets Overdrive Bonuses
  • Also gets stacked via Action Skill Re-Triggers (ie. Shooting Lance or using a Peacebreakers augment ability)

Booming Business

  • Spawns a Default Grenade if you do not have a grenade equipped or if you have a Heavy Ordnance equipped.
  • Default Grenade scales with Action Skill, Skill, Ordnance, and Splash.
  • If you have the Grenazerker COM equipped, it will spawn two grenades at once instead of one.

To the Last

  • Actually boosts Action Skill Damage instead of the listed Skill Damage

Cruel Accrual

  • Actually Boosts Action Skill Damage instead of the listed Skill Damage

Double Dips

Lateral Plinking

  • Transfers Indirect Projectile damage into Skill Damage instance
  • Has a brief internal cooldown before it can proc again
  • Double Dips: Elemental, Skill Damage, All Damage, Splash Damage and Debuffs

Pain Reaction

  • Transfers Gun/Peacebreaker Shots (ie any bullets) into Skill Damage instance
  • Double Dips: Elemental, Skill Damage, All Damage, Splash Damage and Debuffs

In theory, both of the above skills can proc each other endlessly on target dummies due to Pain Reaction and Errant Spark being able to proc Lateral Plinking on its own. Very impractical and unnoticeable in normal gameplay.

Rolling Stone

  • Transfers Gun/Enemy bullet into Skill Damage instance
  • Unable to proc from self-damage (sorry Nepta)
  • You need to actually take damage for this effect, does not work with effects like the Onion Shield
  • To make the most out of this, you need to increase your damage taken (Devil-May-Care and Enrage (Experimental)) and not use Damage Resistance (Resiliencia and Armor Shields)
  • Double Dips: Elemental, Skill Damage, All Damage, Splash Damage and Debuffs

Class Mod Information

Bombastic

  • Each Bombastic stack gives 4% Shock Bonus element up to a cap of 50 stacks for a total of 200% Bonus Shock Gun Damage
    • Source-Inheriting Bonus Element that also gets Gun Damage increases
  • Action Skill Duration requires actual bullets to hit enemies, not just instances of Gun Damage.
  • Damage While Gliding Stat is Damage Dealt

Buster

  • Works with PROJECT: Gorgon and PROJECT: Raiju, but they only ever have a 40% chance to not consume a charge whenever they would

Esgrimidor

  • Crit Chance and Action Skill Restoration works with Mantra and Slippy

Instigator

  • Caps at 999 Stacks (1998% Gun Damage)
  • Usually resets at the end of a Cannons Burst-fire Pattern unless you're using the Beam Team capstone

Overdriver

  • Scaling is 15% Gun Damage and Ordnance Damage at walking speed (Same as Bullet Train specialization)
  • Does not double while Overdrive is active, nor does it benefit from Overdrive Bonuses
  • The fixed Movement Speed passive actually boosts Damage Dealt instead of providing movement speed.

Power Puncher

  • Base damage is the card damage of your equipped grenade.
    • Will not proc if a Heavy Ordnance is equipped or if your Ordnance slot is empty.
  • Fissure is a singular instance of damage that benefits from Ordnance, Melee, and Skill Damage
  • Short internal cooldown (maybe like 2 seconds?)
  • Can proc Groundbreaker specialization
  • 25% chance to proc on arc-knives swing or specific melee animations in which Rafa backhand swings his arc-knife blade.
    • Does not work with Slams or melee animation while Peacebreakers are active
    • Can work with bladed weapons only if the melee attack hits an enemy
    • Can proc even on missed melee/arc knife swings

Reaparición

  • 17% Chance to proc the Blade storm with normal melee damage, 34% Chance with Arc-Knives
  • Deals 5% of the damage instance that proc's the Blade Storm every 0.33 seconds for 5 seconds
    • Grand Total of 75% of the damage instance over the 5 second Duration
  • Blade Storm uses the damage instance as base and then benefits from Melee, Damage Dealt, and Splash (it's a double dip!)

Masochist

  • Post-On-Shot Amp (Similar to Neutron Capture and From Gloam Till Glow) for Gun Shots and Melee hits, converts damage instance to Fire, adds Skill Damage and proper Indirect Projectile tags
    • Gun Shots and Melee hits proc all Indirect Projectile Skills
    • Amp is Split between a gun's listed projectiles if it has multiple
  • Self Damage (presumably post-mitigation) is stored up to a cap of 125019, which then gets double for a cap of 250038 for melee hits and 25003.8 for gun shots.
  • Stored Damage Cap Formula: 5 x 1.09^Level x 120
    • Self-Splash Damage and Grenades count
    • Inferno Protocol Capstone counts
    • Hemolitions counts
    • Prince Harming and Abyss both count
    • Dead Man Walking, Protecto-Pulse, Boxer Jabbing Shield Part, Compleation Shield, and Heavyweight do not count as self damage

Changelog

September 4th | Version 1.0 | Page published! Yay!
September 8th | version 1.0.1 | Forgot Errant Spark lol
September 13th | Version 1.1 | Added new Masochist COM Information

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