Aftershocks are area damage Hits in Path of Exile 2.

Aftershocks are area damage Hits in Path of Exile 2.

An Aftershock is a Hit of Damage in an area that follows an initial Hit that caused the Aftershock. By default the Aftershock deals the same Damage in the same area as the initial Hit, essentially performing a 'repeat' of the initial Hit.
Note: a modifier will specify if the Damage or area of effect of an Aftershock is different from the initial Hit, such as the
Split the Earth Notable in regards to Strike Skills.
Aftershocks are most commonly associated with Melee Slam Attack Skills, for example the use of the Aftershock II Support Gem will cause a supported Slam Skill to have a chance to cause an Aftershock. However, there are also rarer applications of Aftershocks for non-Slam Skills, such as the Impact Shockwave Support Gem or the
Split the Earth Passive Tree Notable, both of which interact with Strike Skills.
Aftershocks must be enabled by a modifier that grants a chance to cause an Aftershock such as the Titan's
Earthbreaker ascendancy Notable, or by a Skill that creates an Aftershock by default, for example
Earthquake.
The chance to cause an Aftershock from multiple sources stacks additively for any Skill that can cause an Aftershock. For example, a Titan with
Earthbreaker allocated, that's using
Volcanic Fissure with 20% Quality linked to Aftershock II Support will have a total 80% chance to cause an Aftershock on any use of
Volcanic Fissure (25 + 20 + 35).
Note: going beyond 100% chance to cause an Aftershock will not provide a chance to cause an additional Aftershock beyond the first.
As Aftershocks essentially replicate an initial Hit by default, most modifiers will not apply directly to an Aftershock. This is because Aftershocks already inherit those modifiers due to 'repeating' a Hit, causing the same Damage in the same area. However, some rarer modifiers will only apply to Aftershocks specifically, such as the
Aftershocks Passive Tree Notable.
The
Hrimnor's Hymn Unique Mace grants the modifier 'Slam Skills you use yourself cause Aftershocks'. This modifier essentially sets the chance to cause Aftershocks to 100% for any Slam Skill used with this Two-Handed Mace.